When there is reason to think that the existing structure of incentives will cause individuals in the market to act in ways that are inconsistent with ideal economic efficiency, economists say . government action, however well intended, cannot improve the situation.b. democratic political decision-making will lead to the ideal efficient outcome.c. government failure is present.d. market failure is present.

Option (B)

Explanation:

In the northern hemisphere, the winter solstice generally occurs on 21st/22nd of December every year. This is the time when the duration of the day time is the shortest as it receives the least amount of sunlight during this particular day. On the other hand, it has the longest night of the year.

This winter solstice occurs due to the tilting of the earth's axis, and the arc the sun moves throughout the daytime increases and decreases across the year as the pole of the earth is projected either towards or away from the direction of the sun. This solstice usually occurs at the minimum point for the case of northern hemisphere under a condition, when the sun is at the lowest position in the sky.

Thus, this solstice takes place in the winter season, in the northern hemisphere.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).