For which of the following processes would Delta S have a negative value

Jodie caught the bouquet.

the other sentences use passive voice. you can tell when an active voice is being used because the subject of the sentence (the thing that is doing that action) is currently doing the action. and/or the object (the thing that is receiving the action) is obviously receiving it.

for example, you could rearrange “john was dragged to the baseball game by his dad” to be an active sentence.

john is the object because he is the one receiving the action

dragged is the verb, so that is the action. (was/were is not the action)

his dad is the subject, because he is the one doing the action (dragging)

active: his dad dragged john to the baseball game.