1. according to the transactional model, senders and receivers exert only minimal effort in a communication exchange. are passive in when conversing interpersonally. have only one role only in a conversation. participate equally and simultaneously in a given interaction.

The answer is: participate equally and simultaneously in a given interaction.

The transactional model of communication indicates that the communication process involves the active and simultaneous participation of both parties acting as senders and receivers. In that respect, the coding and decoding processes include reactions and responses in a cyclical interaction between sender and receiver.

The quote 'How can you sit there, calmly eating muffins when we are in this horrible trouble, I can't make out. You seem to me to be perfectly heartless.' is said by Jack Worthing. Jack is a character in Oscar Wilde's play The Importance of Being Earnest. He lies about his identity to achieve his social goals.

The quote above is said in a conversation with the character Algernon. The latter is eating muffins calmly while Jack is concerned. They have both been left by the love of their lives. Upon being criticizes, Algernon says there is only one way of eating muffins: calmly. Any other way would be messy.