Is Douglass making the same argument
or a different one in his 1854 address?

Franklin expresses the following American values:

Protestant work ethic

Self reliance

Explanation:

Unites States emerged as the first nation which believed in the idea of equality, individualism and freedom. This is how idea of "American Exceptionalism" came out.

In "God helps those that help themselves", Benjamin Franklin is clearly talks about self-reliance. He said that to improve our lives, only we are responsible. Only if we take this responsibility, chances of an improved life become greater and even God is on our side. Also, he talks about the work-ethics of the Protestant.