The quotation from valéry that best expresses what he meant by the “crisis of the mind” that europe experienced after world war i is

“we had long heard tell of whole worlds that had vanished, of empires sunk without a trace, gone down with all their men and all their machines into the unexplorable depths of the centuries . . ”
“never has so much been read, nor with such passion, as during the war: ask the booksellers . . never have people prayed so much and so deeply: ask the priests.”
“the military crisis may be over. the economic crisis is still with us in all its force. but the intellectual crisis, being more subtle and, by its nature, assuming the most deceptive appearances . . this crisis will hardly allow us to grasp its true extent, its phase.”
“no one can say what will be dead or alive tomorrow, in literature, philosophy, aesthetics; no one yet knows what ideas and modes of expression will be inscribed on the casualty list, what novelties will be proclaimed. hope, of course, remains . . ”

“The military crisis may be over. The economic crisis is still with us in all its force. But the intellectual crisis, being more subtle and, by its nature, assuming the most deceptive appearances . . . this crisis will hardly allow us to grasp its true extent, its phase.”

Valéry describes the effects of the war on the European continent. He argues that, as the war came to an end, the military crisis ended as well. The economic crisis remained and was difficult to overcome. However, the intellectual crisis was difficult to judge just yet, because of its extent. It was a more subtle and deceptive crisis, but equally real. This was the "crisis of the mind" in Europe.

The Rosetta Stone is a very ancient and enormous slab of stone where a drecree was inscribed in Ancient Egyptian, hieroglyphs and demotic characters, as well as Ancient Greek, during the reign of the Ptolemies, the kings of the Ptolemaic dynasty, specifically, Ptolemy V, who came into the throne after some serious unrest and revolt in Egypt at the time. The stone dates from around 196 - 197 B.C and through a lot of study and difficulty, scholars were finally able to tell that the characters inscribed in the stone were a decree and that it was the first text written in a bilingual format.  In this particular excerpt presented regarding The Rosetta Stone, what can be summarized is this: Through the use of language learning techniques, scientists and scholars have been attempting to understand ancient Egyptian writing. The closest they ever came to their goal, was when in the 9th century Coptic, the language that replaced ancient Egyptian, was used as an interpretation model. However, the advances made were lost when Arabic replaced Coptic in the 11th century. To this day, Western scholars and researchers are still trying to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs, as their earlier theories about these being pictograms used to express ideas, were found to be erroneous.