2. Why did the Tiwanaku and Wari states have ruling classes but no dynasties and central bureaucracies? How were these patterns expressed in the territorial organization of these states?

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

The Tiwanaku and Wari states had ruling classes but no dynasties and central bureaucracies because they based their ruling in the strength of their military and the expansion of their territories. They were not interested in a bureaucratic form of government. What they did was to manage the control and operation of these territories using a collaborative form of government that had autonomy in each region to make decisions according to the particular issues on the locality. For that to happen, these people segmented their territories in a very "raw" or elemental form of federation. These patterns expressed the territorial organization of these states. And for years they prospered and grow, with the domination of those lands in the Andes.

market equilibrium i guess