Commonwealths . a. only have ceremonial ties to their mother country b. are involuntarily linked to a mother country c. are not dependent upon their mother countries after gaining independence d. are dependent upon their mother countries for defense and foreign policy issues'

Answer:

Commonwealths D. are dependent upon their mother countries for defense and foreign policy issues'

Explanation:

Commonwealth is merely a 53 member nations political organization. Many of these nations are the massive British Empire's former provinces. The Commonwealth Secretariat is the organization's chief and is intended to emphasis on the organization's intergovernmental aspect. It also focuses on the foundation as well as the inter-state relations including the non-governmental relations between them.  The country's Commonwealth has helped strengthen trade between countries through goods and services tariffs.

pH = f(x) = -log₁₀x

1. Graphs

I used Excel to calculate the pH values and draw the graphs (see the Figure).

f(x) and f(x) +1 are plotted against the left-hand axis, while f(x+ 1) is plotted against the expanded right-hand axis.

The points at which pH = 0 and pH = 1 are indicated by the large red dots.

2. x = 0.5

When x = 0.5, pH ≈0.30. The point is indicated by the red diamond.

3. Transformations

(a) ƒ(x) = -log(x) + 1

This function has no y-intercept, because log(0) is undefined.

(b) ƒ(x +1) = -log(x + 1)

f(0) = -log(0 + 1) = -log(1) = 0

This function has a y-intercept at (0,0).

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