"Given the permanent restrictions (inability to vote, ineligibility for government financial support, etc.) imposed on some former offenders, in most states, can we really say that the criminals have" paid their debt "to society? ? If these criminals feel that they will be punished forever, what incentive do they have to remain crime free?

The rapid growth of cities was bringing about overcrowding and crime.

Explanation:

The rapid growth of cities brought with it overcrowding and crime, this was because of the lack of education, lack of prisons and lack of equal rights, the age of reform came thanks to this necessities being evident for the public eye, and an exigence from the society to change certain things, like educations, the prison system, women´s voting rights, and start to create institutions to ensure civil rights and the proper development of a society.