Historical circumstances that led to the rise of civilizations in the Americas.

European colonization of the Americas led to the rise of new cultures, civilizations and eventually states, which resulted from the fusion of Native American and European traditions, peoples and institutions.

D. The availability of safe and reliable transport along land-based trade routes.

Explanation:    

The Afro- Eurasia, saw the rise of urban centres and trade during the half of the 13th century because of the trade routes. Trade routes like the silk road play a fundamental role in Afro- Eurasia regions. The Silk Route is one of the oldest land routes that linked China to the Mediterranean region and other countries like India and the Middle East for trade. Materials from Asia known for its quality and luxury as is consumed by wealthy people in Europe. Some of the goods that traded were silk, tea, sugar, porcelain, spices, and cotton. The urban centres developed with the prosperity of growing trade.