How did the islamic expansion impact european nations, such as france and spain? who won the battle at poitiers in france, and why was this victory significant?

The answers to your questions are,

1. They saw it as a threat and wanted to stop it.

2. Poitiers was fought ten years after the Battle of Crécy (the first major victory), and about half a century before the third, the Battle of Agincourt (1415). The effect of the defeat on France was catastrophic, leaving the country in the hands of the Dauphin Charles.

-Mabel <3

Explanation:

Antifederalists were more of rebels and federalists were more of civilized marketmen