Make a paragprah about Martin luther king jr and John lewis views on voting

On Friday, legions of Americans will descend on the nation’s capital resolved to take advantage of “the fierce urgency of now,” a phrase coined by Martin Luther King Jr. on the very same day in 1963.

The full name of that historic gathering on Aug. 28 was called the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This time, it’s the Get Your Knee Off Our Necks March on Washington.

As if more than half a century ago had hardly passed, the two events partly mirror each other in theme: police brutality, voting rights and new legislation to ensure equal treatment. Both the 1963 march and the Friday event — co-sponsored by the Rev. Al Sharpton’s National Action Network, the NAACP, the National Urban League, the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law and others — share the goal of pressuring lawmakers to act. The 1963 march helped spur the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The 2020 gathering aims to assure that the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act of 2020becomes law, as well as a robust police reform bill named after George Floyd, who died in a police killing in May in Minneapolis after an officer knelt on his neck.

The March Carries On: Behind the scenes with the “Get Your Knee Off Our Necks” March on Washington

The parallels point to the racist policies, behavior and ideas that stubbornly persist, despite the great strides African Americans have made since the 1960s, said Leonard Steinhorn, a professor of communication and affiliate professor of history at American University who lectures about American politics and the 1960s.

The speeches delivered in 1963 before the Lincoln Memorial would still resonate with many Americans today, he noted. In “I Have a Dream,” “You hear King saying that there’s no time … to take the ‘tranquilizing drug of gradualism,’ ” Steinhorn said. King “also talks about the promissory note of our country not being honored,” a reference to the unfulfilled promises of American democracy that still serves as a racial refrain today.

A massive crowd demanding racial justice assembles on the Mall during the March on Washington on Aug. 28, 1963.

A massive crowd demanding racial justice assembles on the Mall during the March on Washington on Aug. 28, 1963. (Robert W. Kelley/The Life Picture Collection/Getty Images)

Aug. 28 also marks another anniversary: the day in 1955 when 14-year-old Emmett Till was lynched in Money, Miss., for allegedly flirting with a White woman. It was an act of hate that galvanized the civil rights movement much as the killing of Floyd has done. The murder came to symbolize the racist brutality meted out to Black males, and it also could be referenced during remarks this week.

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Here are some passages from the 1963 speeches that may find echoes in Friday’s program.

Martin Luther King Jr.:

“We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. … We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.”

“Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality.”

John Lewis, national chairman of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee:

“Those who have said, ‘Be patient and wait’ — we must say that we cannot be patient. We do not want our freedom gradually, but we want to be free now. We are tired. We are tired of being beaten by policemen. We are tired of seeing our people locked up in jail over and over again, and then you holler, ‘Be patient.’ How long can we be patient?”

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“Where is the political party that will make it unnecessary to march on Washington? Where is the political party that will make it unnecessary to march in the streets of Birmingham?”

“ ‘One man, one vote’ is the African cry. It is ours, too — it must be ours! We must have legislation that will protect the Mississippi sharecropper who is put off of his farm, because he dared to register to vote.”

March on Washington participants gather in front of the Lincoln Memorial to protest racial discrimination.

March on Washington participants gather in front of the Lincoln Memorial to protest racial discrimination. (Bettman Archive)

Whitney M. Young Jr., executive director of the National Urban League:

“And so this march must go beyond this historic moment. … We must work together even more closely back home where the job must be done to see that Negro Americans are accepted as first-class citizens and that they are enabled to do some more marching. … They must march from the cemeteries where our young and our newborns die three times sooner and our parents die seven years earlier. … They must march from the congested, ill-equipped schools, which breed dropouts and which smother motivation.

Explanation:

The effects of the black codes were that the newly freed slaves had a difficult time creating self-sustaining lives and the white slave owners were given an abundance of cheap labor options. They limited freedom of employment, freedom of movement, right to own land, and freedom to testify in court.