Read this excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. In the afternoon of that day, we reached Annapolis, the capital of the State. We stopped but a few moments, so that I had no time to go on shore. It was the first large town that I had ever seen, and though it would look small compared with some of our New England factory villages, I thought it a wonderful place for its size – more imposing even than the Great House Farm! Which of these is a true statement about travel during Douglass’s youth?

No temperature change occurs from heat transfer if ice melts and becomes liquid water (i.e., during a phase change).until all the ice has melted. Conversely, energy is released during freezing and condensation, usually in the form of thermal energy. Work is done by cohesive forces when molecules are brought together.

Phase transitions involve the absorption or release of energy by the system, with no change in temperature. The amount of energy absorbed when a substance boils, and released when the same amount of substance condenses, is the same.

Matter is all around you. It is everything in the universe – anything that has both mass and volume and takes up space is matter. Matter exists in different physical forms – solids, liquids and gases.

All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms, molecules and ions. These tiny particles are always in motion – either bumping into each other or vibrating back and forth. It is the motion of particles that creates a form of energy called heat (or thermal) energy that is present in all matter.

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