Which items originated in the americas and became european staples as a result of the columbian exchange?
a. corn, chocolate, rice, and sugar
b. rice, cattle, tomatoes, gold
c. wheat, chocolate, pineapples, potatoes
d. corn, potatoes, chocolate, tomatoes

The correct answer is - d. corn, potatoes, chocolate, tomatoes.

When the Europeans went to the Americas, apart from multiple civilizations, they encountered lots of interesting and tasty new crops. They saw the potential of these new crops for making a big profit, so at first they started trading them to Europe, and after the introduction of them on the European continent, because of their popularity, people started growing them. The chocolate, or rather cocoa, was introduced to Africa, as Europe is not suitable for it.

   True

Explanation:  The Mandate of Heaven meant that the ruler had a divine blessing, and on the basis of his virtues he was chosen by God to be a ruler. This principle implied that there could be only one ruler because there is only one heaven. However, this rule of one ruler was not limited to one ruler until the end of his life, that mandate was interchangeable. This change concerned the choice of another dynasty, or simply another ruler from the existing dynasty, if the previous ruler did not rule justly, was a tyrant and the like. Then the mandate would be handed over to someone who deserves it according to his virtues. This was the rule of the heavenly mandate, and it can be discussed whether it was always applied or there was political bias, various noble intrigues, blackmail, interests, etc.