why were political machines able to retain power in u.s. cities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Political machines became common in cities because basic services for citizens and new immigrants were often extremely lacking and poor in quality. By stepping in to help ameliorate these problems, political machines won influence and votes from the populace, who often had nowhere else to turn for effective help.

Communist Government

Explanation:

The type of governments that Churchill believes are governing Eastern Europe are communist governments. In Churchill's opinion, communist governments do not represent what the allies fought for in WWII. Communist governments do not give enough liberties to their citizens in order for them to reach their full potential.