Will give brainliest

1.) how did african's in the portuguese colonies achieve independence
2.) what was apartheid and how did it function
3.) why did most african states adopt a one way party system
4.) what causes desertification in africa
5.) what subject did many african writers focus on after independence

1. African leaders organized armies to fight for independence; years of bloody warfare ended Portuguese rule.

2. policy of separating whites and nonwhites and placing restrictions upon nonwhites; enforced by police, laws

i only know 1 and 2 sorry

Los wayuu o guajiros celebran sus fiestas llenas de color y bailes típicos. Las mujeres usan manta guajira y los hombres usan guayucos. Estos  indígenas que habitan principalmente en la frontera colombo'venezolana tienen sus propios bailes uno de ellos consiste en que una de las parejas de baile trata de tumbar a la otra, mientras la musica sigue sonando.