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second option, a whole number constant could have been subtracted from the exponential expression.

Explanation:

1) The parent exponential function can be writen in the form f(x) = Aˣ

2) That exponential function has asymptote y = 0, which you determine by doing the limit of f(x) when x goes to negative infinity:

3) Therefore, an asymptote y = - 3, is represented by a constant traslation of the parent function 3 units down.

And that is f(x) - 3, which means that the whole number 3 had been subtracted from the exponential expression.