Kelvin is the base unit of which pysical quantity?

TemperatureAbout physical quantities:

Those quantities which can be measured directly or indirectly is called physical quantities.

There are two types of physical quantities.They are:

fundamental quantity

Those quantity which are not dependent upon any quantity are called fundamental quantity.for eg: length,mass time etc.

Derived Quantity

Those quantity which are dependent upon other quantities are called derived Quantity. for eg: volume,area etc.

About temperature:

Temperature is the degree of hotness and coldness of a body.Temperature is measured in degree,Celsius,degree Fahrenheit or Kelvin scale.Temperature is measured by using thermometer.

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Good luck on your assignment

Thermodynamic temperature

Explanation: Research states that ;

Thermodynamic temperature is the measure ( absolute)  of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics.

It uses the kelvin scale for measurement and selects the triple point of water at 273.16 K as the fundamental fixing point.

A ball falling through the air has a mass, a density, a volume...it is facing air resistance and is being acted on by gravity...it is accelerating and gaining velocity...and it is increasing in kinetic energy.
I suppose out of all those the biggest thing the ball has in this case is ENERGY. There are two main types to focus on...

Kinetic Energy - The further the ball fall the more KE it has...until terminal velocity is reach, then KE would become constant. 
Potential Energy - Conversely to that of KE, the further the ball falls the less PE it will have. 

Heat/Thermal Energy is technically also present due to the friction from the air resistance, but the transfer of energy between the air and ball is quite complex and not necessary important for basic physics.  

The question itself seem kind of vague and open ended, but I could just be viewing it the wrong way. 
Comment if you need more help!