Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir by a pump that provides 20 kw of shaft power. the free surface of the upper reservoir is 45 m higher than that of the lower reservoir. if the flow rate of water is measured to be 0.03 m3/s, determine mechanical power that is converted to thermal energy during this process due to frictional effects

 The answer to your question is: increase the force applied to the object.

Two items are provided as a basis for that conclusion:
1. According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, the formula for finding force is: F = ma
where F is the force,
m is the mass of an object,
and a is the acceleration of the object.

And 2: work = force x distance or W = F x d.