Which phrase best describes speed?
a. rate of change in position due to have motion
b. total change in position as described by distance and direction
c. rate of change in velocity
d. rate of motion

D. Rate of Motion, because speed has many motions like slow motion, fast motion, etc.

The best answer for the first problem is that high elevations and high latitudes have similar effect on climate.
For the second problem... I'm not entirely certain, but I believe that location B would be warmer and drier. I don't know for sure, but that would make sense, right? Since it's out of the wind, it would be warmer, and less moisture would be blown over.