As Charlemagne's Frankish kingdom began to decline in the early 900s C.E., there was a need for some kind of organized government in much of Europe. This need was often filled by small, independent leaders, usually lords. The system of land ownership and loyalty to a powerful noble is known as

tariff quota

Explanation:

According to my research on transportation fees, I can say that based on the information provided within the question this is an example of a term known as a tariff quota. This term is defined as import of a certain quantity of a product without paying a fee or paying a really small fee, while quantities exceeding the quota are are charged a higher than normal fee price.

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