As infants become mobile and experience falls, they become increasingly afraid of heights. this best illustrates the impact of on fear.

The answer is classical conditioning. To simplify, as infants become mobile and experience falls, they become increasingly afraid of heights. This best exemplifies the impact of classical conditioning on fear.  In addition, classical conditioning theories engage learning a new behavior by means of the procedure of organization. In simple terms, the two stimuli are connected simultaneously to generate a newly learned response in a person or animal. 

The correct answer is: satrapies. (answer b is the correct one).

Satrapies were the provinces of the Persian Empire, and they were governed by governors called satraps.

Some of the  Satrapies have the same name as modern countries : Armenia, Persia and Egypt