In a causal-comparative study, what is the difference between independent variables and dependent variables?

Independent Variable

These variables influence, affect or determine other variables.

It is a determining factor, condition or cause for a given result, effect or consequence.

It is the factor manipulated by the researcher in order to determine the relationship of the factor with the observed phenomenon, to see what influence it has on a possible result.

Dependent Variable

They are values (phenomena or facts) to be discovered or explained, by virtue of being influenced, determined or affected by the independent variable.

It is the factor that appears, disappears, increases or decreases as the researcher modifies the independent variable;

It is the property that or factor that is an effect, result, consequence or response to something that has been manipulated (independent variable).

Explanation:

To,

Manager,

Customer Service,

XYZ Company

Dear Mr ABC,

I have been a trusted consumer of your dairy products and have been using them since last five years. Your products are satisfactory in general but this time I had found issue in your product related to the quality.

I bought a milk carton, having 12 boxes of 1 litre packaged milk. The barcode on the carton is;

123A1112344

When I opened the milk, its taste and odour smelled differently. When I opened the other package, result was same. Probably the entire carton has this issue.

Kindly check the production lot and also make for the compensation against your faulty product.

Looking forward to have your response.

Regards,

MR XZY

Area