1. You are studying glycolysis in a cell free extract of muscle and you find that, in an oxygen-free atmosphere, the extract efficiently converts glucose to lactate. You then do an experiment in which you add an inhibitor, oxamate, to the extract in addition to glucose. You find that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate accumulate to high concentrations, while 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate are at very low concentrations.

Based on the result of this experiment, what enzyme do you think is inhibited by oxamate?

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Explanation:

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase is responsible for the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, which is then catalyzed to yield phosphoenolpyruvate by pyruvate kinase.

to count cancer cells killed during chemotherapy

Explanation:

There are different methods for counting live cells and they include, among others, counting chambers (e.g., a hemocytometer), image analysis, flow cytometry, spectrophotometric techniques, impedance detection, etc. These laboratory techniques can be used to detect both live and dead cells. In flow cytometry, for instance, it is possible to detect death cells by analyzing the loss of membrane integrity, which is an indicator of death. However, in certain situations, is not required to differentiate between live and dead cells, and thus it is only required to know the number of cells that a sample contains (for example, for counting the number of immortalized cells cultured over several generations).