4. To determine the frequency of ala mutants a fluctuation test was done using 30 tubes with a final concentration of 108 bacteria each. From
each tube 0.1 ml of culture was plated on medium that selects for ala
mutants. 27 of the tubes yielded ala mutants but 3 of the tubes yielded
no mutants. Based upon these results, use the Luria-Delbruck
calculation to determine the mutation rate to ala.

The multi-cellular organism is made up of a number of cells and as they work in cooperation with another. We have the following reasons to answer the question.

Specialization of cells: It means the combination and adjustments done by various cells to perform a single and more specific function of the body. As the structure formed are called as tissues in general.

Mostly he tissues are assembled to perform the following functions;

Reception of stimulus an reaction by the body.Communication between the cells,cells junctions for material transport

Animal cell specialization includes:

Red blood cell's,Neuron cells,gametes,epithelium cells.

While animal cell specialization includes:

Root hairs on the plant body,Guard Cells,And pollen grains.

Explanation:

1) Production of materials to live and more over to survive:

Each cell inside a complex body structure(Humans and complex plant bodies)needs the optimum amount of substrate in order to create or produce further products for himself and to deliver the energy to the environment. As all the required substrate is never stored or produced by a single entity or cell but all of them are dependent upon one another, as they require the assistance in assembling the product or material for use.

2) Locomotion of the beings:

As the tissues work in corporation to maintain the level of materials in the body along with the level of energy in order to move from a certain point another.

3)Response to environment:

As the cells have receptors in it which detects and directs the body of the living being to respond to that, as the stimulus is detected by the receptor and the message is processed by the organ leading to a response.