Bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes are believed to have evolved from a different kind of cell, known as the

Last Universal Common Ancestor(LUCA)

Explanation:

Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) is the most current biodiversity of all living things on earth and their descendants. Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) is assumed to looks like  a small, single-celled organism. Maybe there was a Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) crystal that floated right into the cell, like Bacteria today. Studies also have shown that about 355 genes are present in the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). However, it could have been that part of those genes were able to integrate and modify later, which then spread more widely through the transfer of gene between archaea and bacteria.

C. Transcription and translation

Explanation:

Both the processes takes place in ribosomes.