Based on molecular clocks, Goodman's phylogeny places the last common ancestor of all primates at .

63 MYA

Explanation:

Morris Goodman was a editor-in-chief of the journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.

In his classification, every organism was traced back to its last common ancestors, and he traced that of primates last common ancestors to be dated as far back as 63 MYA.

The alcohol group will have produced the greatest volume of urine

The concentrated salt solution group will have produced the least volume of urine

Explanation:

Alcohol inhibits the antidiuretic hormone. This hormone, also known as vasopressin hormone, is released by changes in serum osmolarity or blood volume. Its function is to keep homeostasis and make kidneys conserve or keep water by concentrating urine and by reducing its volume. By these actions, the antidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorption, acording to the organism´s needs. The antidiuretic hormone is very sensitive to the presence of alcohol in the blood. Alcohol inhibits the hormone production and the kidneys eliminate more water than the necessary volume. In other words, alcohol is a diuretic substance that enhances urine production.  

Salt ingestion causes an increase in plasmatic osmolarity, stimulates thirst and hence, water ingestion. It also causes an increase in the antidiuretic hormone, which anhances in water reabsorption by the kidneys in its collector tubules. Salt consumption causes a change in osmolarity, which drives to an increase in water reabsorption and an important reduction in urine volume.