Root hairs are thin outgrowths from certain plant roots that enhance water and nutrient absorption from the soil. Which of the following best describes how root hairs are specialized for this function?

A. Root hairs are specialized for the phagocytosis of nutrients and water in the soil.

B. Root hairs contain an increased number of vacuoles that store water for the plant.

C. Root hairs have an elongated shape that increases the surface area-to-volume ratio.

D. Root hairs have specialized membranes that have increased permeability to water and nutrients.

Option C) Root hairs have an elongated shape that increases the surface area-to-volume ratio.

Explanation:

The larger surface area-to-volume ratio of root hairs enables them to rapidly absorped water molecules and nutrients along their elongated shape while aiding their upward transport from the root up the shoot (through the xylem vessels).

Glycolysis

Explanation:

In glycolysis, energy is required to break a molecule of glucose into two pyruvate molecules. These two pyruvate molecules are used during pyruvate oxidation; which is stage II of cellular respiration.

During glycolysis, two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced. So there is a net gain of two ATP molecules. Hydrolysis of a glucose molecule produces high energy electrons which are used to reduce two NAD+ molecules to NADH.

These two molecules are used in the citric acid cycle to produce more ATP molecules.