What is a "fatberg"? What causes it to form? How is it
eliminated?

a very large mass of solid waste in a sewerage system, consisting especially of congealed fat and personal hygiene products that have been flushed down toilets.

They are caused by oil, grease and fat being poured down sinks, where they congeal and stick to sewer walls. Once this build-up has occurred, other waste that enters the sewer can often stick to the fat

The broken up fatberg pieces are then removed from the pipe by manual excavation, powerful vacuumation tanker units

Explanation:

a fatberg is a rock like mass of waste matter in the sewer system formed by the combination of flush non-degradable solids such as wet wipes and congealed grease or cooking fat. fat birds have formed and sewers worldwide with the rise and usage of disposable cloth. to eliminate fatburgs you have to first break them up into smaller chunks to do this we use special water jets with process 10 gallon per minute at a pressure of 3,000psi.a broken up fatberg pieces are then removed from the pipe by manual extraction powerful vacuumation tanker units or combination of both.

Explanation:

Hope this helped Mark BRAINLEST

Option C, Directional Selection

Explanation:

In the process of directional selection which is a form of natural selection based evolution in which any of the extreme phenotype is favored over all other phenotypes and thus the allele frequency or genotype also shift in the same direction over a certain period of time.  

The two graphs representing the heights of a population of penguins before and after five years more or less represent the preference of height trait over and above any other trait and that too for a specific range of height only.  

Hence, option C is correct