N the electron-dot symbol the dots represent electrons located in —
s, p, and d sublevels.
p sublevels, only.
s sublevels, only.
s and p sublevels, only.

They represent the valence electrons, so s and p sublevels only! This does not include the d block!

4.8 kcal/g

Explanation:

Given that:

mass of water = 50 g = 0.05 kg

specific heat capacity of water (c)= 1 kcal/K.kg

changes in temperature ΔT = 42°C - 18°C = 24°C

Since q = mcΔT

q = 0.05 × 1 × 24

q = 1.2 kcal

∴ 0.25 g sample of pretzel give 1.2 kcal of heat

as such 1 g of the sample will give out:

= 4.8 kcal/g