Give an example of a country that would have dominant dry climate and how does elevation factor into conditions?

A country that has dominant dry climate is  Mongolia.

Mongolia is a landlocked country. Not really close to the sea, and most of the country is pretty high, as it is predominantly a high plateau and mountains.

Because of its big elevation, Mongolia is a country that is very dry, which was not going to be the case if the country was much lower. The annual monsoons come from the eastern side, but they fall mostly in the territory of China, in Manchuria, where the lowlands are, and this is due to the high elevation of the terrain in Mongolia, which is a natural barrier for the warm and wet air masses. As the monsoons reach the highlands, they are starting to accumulate on their slopes, and heavy rainfall drops down, while towards Mongolia, only the dry winds continue.