8. In 3-4 complete sentences, analyze how the geography of Europe encouraged the creation of many independent kingdoms. Use the "RAP" method to answer this question

The interconnection of the Eastern and Western hemispheres made possible by transoceanic voyaging

marked a key transformation of this period. Technological innovations helped to make transoceanic

connections possible. Changing patterns of long-distance trade included the global circulation of some

commodities and the formation of new regional markets and financial centers. Increased transregional

and global trade networks facilitated the spread of religion and other elements of culture as well

as the migration of large numbers of people. Germs carried to the Americas ravaged the indigenous

peoples, while the global exchange of crops and animals altered agriculture, diets, and populations

around the planet.

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