A ideologia medieval depõe contra o trabalho, pois não era um “valor”, não havia nem palavra para designá-lo. Na cultura cristã, era instrumento de penitência, e o homem deveria trabalhar à semelhança de Deus. Ora, o trabalho de Deus é a criação. Portanto, toda profissão que não cria é má ou inferior, o que se confronta com os ofícios em gestação na época. LE GOFF, Jacques. Para uma outra Idade Média. No final da Idade Média, o crescimento das cidades e das atividades econômicas relacionadas ao espaço urbano trouxe novas indagações teológicas. Dentre os novos “ofícios em gestação na época” que foram considerados maus ou inferiores, encontra-se o A artesão, que apenas transforma objetos materiais extraídos da natureza. B monge, cuja atividade principal, a oração, não pode ser considerada criativa. C banqueiro, que se dedica ao empréstimo de dinheiro e cobra juros. D nobre, dedicado à guerra e, portanto, à destruição, e não à criação. E camponês, que apenas observa o trabalho realizado pela natureza.
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