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D.   translating ancient texts into Arabic.

Explanation:

During the Golden Age of Islam, the Muslim world became the undisputed intellectual center of science, philosophy, medicine and education, while the Abbasids led the cause of knowledge and established the House of Wisdom in Baghdad . There, Muslim and non-Muslim scholars sought to collect and translate all world knowledge into the Arabic language. Many works of classical antiquity that would otherwise have been lost were translated into Arabic and subsequently translated into Turkish, Persian, Hebrew and Latin. During this period, the Islamic world was a cauldron of cultures that collected, synthesized and significantly advanced knowledge inherited from the cultures of ancient China, India, Persia, Egypt, North Africa, the Classical Greece and the Byzantine Empire. Abbasid rival dynasties such as the Fatimids of Egypt and the Umayyads of Al-Andalus also constituted intellectual centers in cities such as Cairo and Cordoba, which rivaled Baghdad.