How did civil service reform affect the appointment of federal officials?

The industrialization of nations affected the economy as well as society as a whole. There were rebellions, civil wars, revolutions, etc. for; the rights of the citizens. Citizens globally felt as if they were not treated properly due to the system of rankings seeing a gap forming between the upper and the lower classes. According to  Lafcadio Hearn, Japan: An Attempt at Interpretation; "In the ancient European societies, naturally brought about the first political struggles between rich and poor. Her (Japan) social organization made industrial oppression impossible the commercial classes were kept at the bottom of society. But now those commercial classes are becoming supremely important." The larger the Industrial Revolution grew, the more powerful these individuals became. The Revolution made way for the growing middle class increasing new businesses and factories created thousands of new jobs. The Industrialization revolution caused the formation of the family wage economy of early industrialization; the entire family depended on the collective wages of its members. In  Jacob Riis, “Lodgers in a Crowded Bayard Street Tenement" he shows how even with the collective payrolls most households earned from 20% to 40% less than the minimum deemed necessary for a decent life leading to poor living situations.  Unfortunately, the lives of children would become synonymous with slavery as the introduction of the machinery. According; to John Spargo, author of The Bitter Cry of the Children, 1906. "In place of parental interest and affection there was the harsh, pitiless authority of an employer or his agent, looking, not to the child’s well-being and skill as an artificer, but the supplying of a great, ever-widening market for cash gain.” The reign of machines took a toll on the physical and mental state of children, but they were never led after but were only seen as cheap labor. The Industrial Revolution led to poor worker conditions. In Leon Trotsky, Dictatorship vs. Democracy he states, "The unions become the apparatus of revolutionary repression against undisciplined, anarchical, parasitic elements in the working class." Because there were no regulations, many workers were harmed causing them to revolt and demand more rights. The lack of government regulation led to reforms at the federal and state level. People believed the government should play a larger role in helping people & controlling the economy.  Enrico Ferde believed in; "preventing demoralization by means of the education of abandoned children, at such institutions as the workhouse, ragged and industrial schools, so well developed in England—or, still better, by the boarding out of children." The author believed the government aids in such a way to make the future of England "better for the struggle of existence."  Though the living conditions were not ideal, the migration from farms to cities had large demographic effects in 1800; less than one percent of the world population overseas. Europeans and their descendants; by 1930, they represented 11 percent. The Americas felt the brunt of this emigration, concentrated in the United States. In the Demographic analyses of Cleveland workers, you can see how the population increased, pulled abroad by the enormous demand for labor overseas, the ready availability of land, and cheap transportation. The industrialization of cities led to the women leaving the house for the factories and schools. Goods were produced by hand through the work of patient and skilled artisans or craft workers. The Industrial Revolution had a positive impact on women because it allowed women to move from a domestic sphere environment to a public sphere environment, it allowed women to be more politically engaged, and due to independent wages, gave them a sense of independence. The Industrial revolution had positive and negative effects on society shaping the world for the future.

Explanation:

I got a 90 on it