How was the Chinese Exclusion Act an
example of xenophobia in the late 19th century?

 Often accompanying traders, Italian humanist scholars journeyed north to work as diplomats, secretaries, and university lecturers. They took with them the ideas of the Italian Renaissance, which was flourishing in city-states such as Florence, Milan, and Venice. Soon northern European scholars and artists began making their own cultural contributions, which became known as the northern Renaissance. It brought about political, artistic, and literary changes (just as the Renaissance did to the Italian states)