Question #1: What is the " Spoils System "?

A spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends (cronyism), and relatives (nepotism) as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a merit system, where offices are awarded on the basis of some measure of merit, independent of political activity.

A, D are the answers

Explanation:

The correct answers are,

A. French aristocrats belonged to the second estate

D. it was very difficult to change membership in a estate

During the periods that were characterized by feudalism, the clergy was regarded as the first estate, the aristocrats were the second estate, while those that were commoners or peasants were third estate.

No social mobility existed among these estates. So it was difficult to change membership.