The had little use for trade or the arts and devoted their entire society to being soldiers and preparing for war.

Spartans.

Explanation:

Unlike the Athenians who loved the arts and prided themselves on their artists, Spartans had little use for it. Instead, they turned towards their military craft, preparing soldiers for wars that they had a lot of. Since they were located on the plain with a lot of fertile soil, they didn't have much use for trade either. That's why all of their efforts went into creating amazing soldiers who were a force to be reckoned with.

The answers are:

17 - Judicial appointments made by President Adams on the last minutes of his presidency.

18- The Federalists were attempting to make the judiciary their stronghold.

19- Could no longer establish new colonies in the Wetern Hemisphere.

20- The supreme court had the authority to determine the constitutionality of a law.