What outside factor most directly contributed to the formation of enclaves in cities?
a: a common culture among american citizens
b: restricted access to education
c: housing discrimination
d: the availability of jobs

I believe the answer is: C. Housing discrimination

Enclave refers to a part of town which mostly populated by the people from one certain ethnicity/cultural background. 
When housing discrimination exist, only people with a certain race or ethnicity are allowed to live on a particular neighborhood. This forced the people from other ethnicities to seek housing elsewhere which lead to the creation of enclaves.

Housing discrimination was the outside factor that most directly contributed to the formation of enclaves in cities.

There are problem faces by countries. The challenges does South Africa face today as a democracy is that of;

high poverty and high unemployment rate Unequal access to transportation and technology.What are the main challenges facing democracy today?

Challenges that faces countries in Africa includes;

Low quality of public services such as healthcare, education etc.The lack of institutional capacity. Limited government accountability to thee people.

When all this challenges are handled, South Africa will be a better place.

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