What would happen if a person who is wearing a heavy winter jacket were to place a thermometer inside the jacket next to his or her skin? What would happen if we took the same jacket, after it had been hanging in a closet, and placed a thermometer inside?

Explained.

Explanation:

Let me explain the two cases in by one.

(1) When Person wearing a jacket, heat from his or her body is going to get trapped inside his or her jacket to keep this person warm when a thermometer is placed inside, it would indicate a higher temperature on the scale.

(2) When Jacket is Hanging in a closet, its temperature would be roughly close to room temperature and when we would place a thermometer it would not indicate any change on its scale.

To determine the first standing wave that can be established in the pipe, the student should adjust the tuning fork such that the closed end is L₀ = λ/4 distance from the opened end, after finding the length of the wavelength of the pipe from Lₙ₊₁ - Lₙ = λ/2.

Explanation:

For a pipe with one end closed, the struck tuning fork vibrates, generating sound waves which travel down to the closed end of the pipe and then reflected back to the opened end. As a wave is generated, another wave is reflected such that both waves form a standing wave in the pipe, with a node at the closed end and an anti-node at the opened end.

Therefore the first harmonics is obtained when the length of the pipe is λ/4. That is N → A

L₀ =  λ/4

Where:

N = Node and

A = Anti-node

λ = Wavelength

L = Length of pipe section from opened to closes end

The next higher harmonics consists of a node at the closed end, an anti-node at the opened end, including a half wavelength in between. That is N A N A

Note that the length N →A → N = λ/2

Therefore the length of the pipe section for the second harmonics = λ/2 + λ/4 = 3/4λ

L₁ = 3/4λ

The length of the nth harmonics is given by

Lₙ = ·(2·n+1)·λ

For the student to find the required adjustment for the first harmonic, the student should find the wavelength as follows.

The student should find the length of the pipe section of two successive harmonics as follows

Lₙ = ·(2·n+1)·λ and Lₙ₊₁ = ·(2·(n+1)+1)·λ

The student should find the difference in length of the pipe section for the two harmonics as

Lₙ₊₁ - Lₙ =  ·(2·(n+1)+1)·λ - ·(2·n+1)·λ = n·λ/2 + λ/2 + λ/4 - (n·λ/2 + λ/4)

Lₙ₊₁ - Lₙ = λ/2

Then, with the known wavelength, the student should adjust the length of the pipe to obtain a pipe section with length L = λ/4.