England and Scotland both produce scones and sweaters. Suppose that an English worker can produce 50 scones per hour or 1 sweater per hour. Suppose that a Scottish worker can produce 40 scones per hour or 2 sweaters per hour. If free trade exists between the countries, then each country will benefit if
a. England exports scones, Scotland exports sweaters.
b. England exports sweaters, Scotland exports scones.
c. both countries export scones.
d. given the production possibilities, both countries will not benefit from trade.

A

Explanation:

The country with a comparative advantage in the production of a good should export the good

A country has comparative advantage in production if it produces at a lower opportunity cost when compared to other countries.

England

Comparative advantage in the production of scones = 1/50 = 0.02

Comparative advantage in the production of sweater = 50/1 = 50

Scotland

Comparative advantage in the production of scones = 2/40 =  0.05

Comparative advantage in the production of sweater = 40/2 = 20

England has a comparative advantage in the production of scones and should export scones

Scotland  has a comparative advantage in the production of sweaters and should export sweaters

From the perspective of the SELLER, the price at which a unit is exchange is the marginal cost of that unit