Design an experiment to show that the heat flow between adjacent objects of different temperatures is greater when the
temperature difference is greater.

(a) 0.98 mol

(b) 0.241 mol

(c) 6.18 × 10⁻⁴ mol

Explanation:

(a)

Let´s consider the ionization of NH₄Cl.

NH₄Cl(s) → NH₄⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)

1 mole of NH₄Cl produces 2 moles of ions. The moles of ions produced by 0.49 moles of NH₄Cl are:

0.49 mol NH₄Cl × (2 mol ions/1 mol NH₄Cl) = 0.98 mol ions

(b)

Let's consider the ionization of Ba(OH)₂· 8 H₂O.

Ba(OH)₂· 8 H₂O(s) → Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq) + 8 H₂O(l)

The molar mass of Ba(OH)₂· 8 H₂O is 315.48 g/mol. The moles of Ba(OH)₂· 8 H₂O corresponding to 25.3 g are:

25.3 g × (1 mol/315.48 g) = 0.0802 mol

1 mole of Ba(OH)₂· 8 H₂O produces 3 moles of ions. The moles of ions produced by 0.0802 moles of Ba(OH)₂· 8 H₂O are:

0.0802 mol Ba(OH)₂· 8 H₂O × (3 mol ions/ 1 mol Ba(OH)₂· 8 H₂O) = 0.241 mol ions

(c)

Let's consider the ionization of LiCl.

LiCl(s) → Li⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)

1 mole of LiCl contains 6.02 × 10²³ formula units of LiCl. The moles of LiCl that contain 1.86 × 10²⁰ formula units are:

1.86 × 10²⁰ fu × (1 mol LiCl/6.02 × 10²³ fu) = 3.09 × 10⁻⁴ mol LiCl

1 mole of LiCl produces 2 moles of ions. The moles of ions produced by 3.09 × 10⁻⁴ moles of LiCl are:

3.09 × 10⁻⁴ mol LiCl × (2 mol ions/1 mol LiCl) = 6.18 × 10⁻⁴ mol ions